Le précariat en Europe

Des contrats de travail sans assurance-maladie ni sécurité sociale. Des temps partiels involontaires. Des CDD, des contrats d'intérimaires. Sur tout le continent, des millions d'Européens doivent se contenter d’emplois précaires sous-payés alors que l'économie est à son meilleur niveau depuis dix ans.

Décembre 2017

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Des contrats de travail sans assurance-maladie ni sécurité sociale. Des temps partiels involontaires. Des CDD, des contrats d'intérimaires. Sur tout le continent, des millions d'Européens doivent se contenter d’emplois précaires sous-payés alors que l'économie est à son meilleur niveau depuis dix ans.

Rien que dans la zone euro, plus de 5 millions et demi de personnes ont trouvé un nouvel emploi depuis la fin 2012. Mais selon Eurostat, quatre sur cinq sont des temps partiels ou des CDD, le plus souvent mal payés.

La plupart d’entre eux cherchait pourtant un CDI à temps plein, relève la Commission européenne dans son dernier rapport sur le marché de l’emploi dans l’UE.

Le « boom » de l’emploi européen est en fait, en grande partie, de « mauvaise qualité », conclut Merrill Lynch, le département gestion du patrimoine de la Bank of America. Une mauvaise nouvelle pour la majorité des Européens.

« Toutes ces formes de travail précaire sont très coûteuses, à la fois pour les personnes concernées et pour la société en général » avertit Olivier Blanchard, qui fut jusque 2015 l’économiste en chef du Fond monétaire international.

Pourquoi la « précarisation du travail », ainsi que l’appellent les sociologues, a-t-elle pris cette ampleur ? Et que faut-il faire pour y mettre fin ?

Comment le cimentier Lafarge a demandé et obtenu le démantèlement du droit du travail en Grèce


Dans l’opinion publique grecque, c’est un fait acquis : le droit du travail a été démantelé sous la pression des lobbies. Mais jusqu’ici, les preuves manquaient pour étayer cette affirmation. Un mail confidentiel de novembre 2011 montre comment le cimentier français Lafarge, déjà mêlé à plusieurs scandales, a participé avec un certain succès à l’entreprise visant à influencer la réforme historique du code du travail, alors menée par le gouvernement d’Athènes.

Lisez l’enquête de Leïla Miñano, Nikolas Leontopoulos et Benoît Drevet

Chez nos partenaires medias

The gig economy created a new class of precarious workers – now they start fighting back
The gig economy created a new class of precarious workers – now they start fighting back

Der Tagesspiegel, Germany

The myth of labour flexibilty
The myth of labour flexibilty

Falter, Austria

Italy’s finance minister calls for European unemployment insurance
Italy’s finance minister calls for European unemployment insurance

Der Tagesspiegel, Germany

Stay in or out of the European economic area
Stay in or out of the European economic area

Stavanger Aftenblad, Norway

The recipe that did not work: Uncertain work makes for insecure life
The recipe that did not work: Uncertain work makes for insecure life

Stavanger Aftenblad, Norway

Governments in Eastern and Western Europe fight about child benefits in cold war
Governments in Eastern and Western Europe fight about child benefits in cold war

Stavanger Aftenblad, Norway

Macron advisor says French labour reform will restore inequalities against workers
Macron advisor says French labour reform will restore inequalities against workers

EfSyn, Greece

Many people would rather work 70 hours per week than 37,5
Many people would rather work 70 hours per week than 37,5

Stavanger Aftenblad, Norway

Young Greeks turn their backs to a dead labour market and miserable working conditions – Germany is calling
Young Greeks turn their backs to a dead labour market and miserable working conditions – Germany is calling

Stavanger Aftenblad, Norway

The country of silent tears: economic migrant families from Romania have paid for decent earnings with anxiety and tears of the nation’s children
The country of silent tears: economic migrant families from Romania have paid for decent earnings with anxiety and tears of the nation’s children

Stavanger Aftenblad, Norway

After ten years of reform Europe suffers from growing precariousness
After ten years of reform Europe suffers from growing precariousness

Il Fatto Quotidiano, Italy

Interview with Tomasz Misiak, co-owner of one of Poland’s biggest temporary work agencies
Interview with Tomasz Misiak, co-owner of one of Poland’s biggest temporary work agencies

Newsweek Romania, Romania

His boss is an app
His boss is an app

Stavanger Aftenblad, Norway

Four out of five jobs in the EU are precarious jobs
Four out of five jobs in the EU are precarious jobs

Ugebrevet, Denmark

Deregulation caused poor jobs instead of a booming economy
Deregulation caused poor jobs instead of a booming economy

Pod Crto, Slovenia

Where have all the mothers gone?
Where have all the mothers gone?

The Black Sea, Romania

How precariousness made the EU change its speech on labour
How precariousness made the EU change its speech on labour

Público, Portugal

How precariousness made the EU change its speech on labour
How precariousness made the EU change its speech on labour

infoLibre, Spain

Interview with the Italian minister of finance, Pier Carlo Padoan
Interview with the Italian minister of finance, Pier Carlo Padoan

EfSyn, Greece

How Romania sold out its workers to foreign investors for IMF and
How Romania sold out its workers to foreign investors for IMF and

The Black Sea, Romania

How Romania became an EU workers’ rights “guinea pig”
How Romania became an EU workers’ rights “guinea pig”

EUobserver, Belgium

Village without mothers
Village without mothers

taz, Germany

How Romania sold its workers to foreign investors for IMF and EU cash
How Romania sold its workers to foreign investors for IMF and EU cash

der Freitag, Germany

How the French cement manufacturer Lafarge asked for and obtained the dismantling of labour law in Greece
How the French cement manufacturer Lafarge asked for and obtained the dismantling of labour law in Greece

Basta!, France, Basta!

Social hold-up: How labour law was dismantled in Europe, at no benefit for labour or for people
Social hold-up: How labour law was dismantled in Europe, at no benefit for labour or for people

Basta!, France, Basta!

Labour reforms, the big lie of the eurocrisis
Labour reforms, the big lie of the eurocrisis

EfSyn, Greece

The big lie of the labour reforms – part II: The myth of the German miracle
The big lie of the labour reforms – part II: The myth of the German miracle

EfSyn, Greece

Norwegian policies causing major raise of unemployments’ numbers
Norwegian policies causing major raise of unemployments’ numbers

Il Fatto Quotidiano, Italy

More and more jobs in Europe are being destroyed
More and more jobs in Europe are being destroyed

Dagens Arbete, Sweden

Precarious work in Poland pushes poverty for young and even more for old people
Precarious work in Poland pushes poverty for young and even more for old people

Newsweek Poland, Poland

Governments in Eastern and Western Europe fight about child benefits in a cold war
Governments in Eastern and Western Europe fight about child benefits in a cold war

Ugebrevet, Denmark

Arbeitsmarkt: Europas neue Reservearmee
Arbeitsmarkt: Europas neue Reservearmee

Der Tagesspiegel, Germany